Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
In the above section
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
"In the above section" is correct and usable in written English.
You can use it when you want to refer to content that has been mentioned in a section that has already been discussed. For example, "In the above section, we discussed the importance of regular exercise."
✓ Grammatically correct
Science
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
59 human-written examples
In the above section, we established global convergence of Algorithm 1.
In the above section, the current secure transport methods like IPSec and DTLS are discussed.
In the above section, the controller is assumed to be known for the stability analysis.
In the above section, we have obtained the stability and Hopf bifurcation of system (1.3a - 1.3d 1.3a - 1.3d
In the above section, the related concepts to SPM and sub techniques have been explored.
In the above section, I discussed how the Han ethnicity integrated many different ethnic groups during different periods.
In the above section, we have analyzed the propagation of errors in the sense of subspace distance.
In the above section, the methodology could highlight the AD related proteins based on the 63 control drugs.
Science
In the above section we described the various syllables and phrases of the songs of male T. brasiliensis.
Science
In the above section, we studied Xpd interactions in the presence of the entire TFIIH.
In the above section, some preliminary studies of toxicity pathway studies (e.g., ToxCast project) were introduced.
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
Ensure that the section you are referencing is clearly identifiable and that the reference adds clarity, not confusion, to your writing.
Common error
Avoid using "in the above section" if the referenced section is not immediately above or if there are intervening sections that could cause ambiguity. Be specific with headings or provide additional context.
Source & Trust
82%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "in the above section" functions as a prepositional phrase acting as an adjunct. It modifies a clause by indicating where certain information or details have been previously presented. According to Ludwig AI, the phrase is correct and usable in written English.
Frequent in
Science
65%
Formal & Business
15%
News & Media
10%
Less common in
Wiki
5%
Encyclopedias
3%
Reference
2%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, the phrase "in the above section" is a grammatically correct and commonly used prepositional phrase that serves to refer readers to a previously discussed portion of a text, as validated by Ludwig AI. Predominantly used in formal and scientific writing, it provides a means of cross-referencing within documents for clarity and context. When using this phrase, ensure that the reference is unambiguous. Alternatives such as "in the preceding section" or explicitly naming the section can enhance clarity. While frequent in academic and scientific contexts, it’s less common in informal writing.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
In the preceding section
Replaces "above" with "preceding", indicating a slightly more formal tone and emphasizing the sequential nature of the sections.
In the previous section
Uses "previous" instead of "above", making the reference more general and less specific to physical placement.
In the earlier section
Emphasizes that the section was earlier in the text. It's a straightforward synonym, slightly less formal than "preceding".
As discussed above
Changes the structure to an adverbial phrase referring to the discussion rather than the section itself.
In the aforementioned section
Replaces "above" with the more formal "aforementioned", suitable for academic or legal writing.
In the foregoing section
Uses "foregoing" as a synonym for "above", indicating what has already been presented or discussed.
Referring to the section above
Adds a verb to actively point to the section, providing a slightly more explicit reference.
As noted in the prior section
Focuses on a specific point or note made in the section, rather than the section as a whole.
Based on the previous section
Shifts the focus to building upon the foundation of the prior section.
According to the section above
Highlights that the information comes directly from the specified section, giving it source attribution.
FAQs
What's a simpler way to say "in the above section"?
You can use phrases like "in the "previous section"" or "earlier section" to make your writing more accessible.
Is it okay to use "in the above section" in formal writing?
Yes, "in the above section" is acceptable in formal writing. However, for added clarity, consider using "in the preceding section" or explicitly stating the section's title.
When should I avoid using "in the above section"?
Avoid using "in the above section" if the section you're referring to is not immediately prior or if your document has a complex structure that might confuse the reader.
What can I say instead of "in the above section" when writing informally?
Informally, you could say "as I mentioned earlier" or "like we discussed", but ensure it's clear what you're referring to.
Editing plus AI, all in one place.
Stop switching between tools. Your AI writing partner for everything—polishing proposals, crafting emails, finding the right tone.
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
82%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested