In some landscapes, moving uphill gets you to higher ground in the allotted time, while in other landscapes moving randomly does, but on average neither outperforms the other.
"But it's a new option and in some landscapes its shorter height and sleeker appearance can offer advantages," he added.
Finally, by the beginning of 1888, van Gogh's Post-Impressionist style had crystallized, resulting in such masterpieces as Portrait of Père Tanguy and Self-Portrait in Front of an Easel, as well as in some landscapes of the Parisian suburbs.
Puma predation may have similar positive effects in some landscapes, although in other ecosystems the influence of the big cats' presence may be more subtle, Elbroch notes.
As more GM crops are grown, in some landscapes it may become difficult to allocate GM crop fields following such coexistence measures.
Palycretes (duripans in which the cementing material is dominantly composed of palygorskite) can be formed in some landscapes.
Multitemporal images have improved classification accuracies in some landscapes; however, single date images may provide a reliable method for mapping vegetation cover in semi-arid environments.
For example, archaeological sites are more readily preserved in some landscapes than in others, which could lead to a high number of radiocarbon dates at a site with good preservation and low numbers of dates at a site with poor preservation.
Scientists have known for more than 100 years that these processes shape rivers, but they hadn't been able to quantify their relative importance, or figure out how they work together to create river basins that are finely branched in some landscapes but not others, says Taylor Perron, a geomorphologist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge and lead author of the new study.
And they can be seen now in what some landscape architects and scholars of child development see as contemporary playgrounds' deadening sameness.
