In fallen stock, eight countries had detected at least one positive case of AS, with no cases found in Greece, Iceland and The Netherlands.
Some overwinter in aggregations with individuals of their own species, usually under bark or in fallen trees.
During this stage, some fungi produce their sexual fruiting bodies; the apple scab (Venturia inaequalis), for example, produces perithecia, flask-shaped spore-producing structures, in fallen apple leaves.
As September wanes, people in other parts of the Northeast know that they will soon be knee-deep in fallen leaves.
A t'ai chi class in a corner of the park goes through the motions in thick overcoats, ankle deep in fallen leaves.
Another is Heather Halliday's photograph of a discarded condom pack half-buried in fallen leaves; it was shot at a quick-sex site in Brooklyn.
There is a hole to the sky where the roof was, and the floor is covered in fallen white ceiling tiles, turned to mush by rain.
Only the land remained, the silent order of the mountains, the ground covered in fallen dead leaves in the enormous space, a boundless expanse – disguising, concealing, secreting, covering all that lies below the burning earth.
The rivers and rainwater have receded, but the region is now haunted by small olive-drab patches of water here and there; puddled in a child's splash pool, trapped in a trash can, or cupped in fallen magnolia leaves.
The widespread species L. pinastri was present in 14 of the cloning samples, nine of which were in fallen needles.
