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In EBC, inflammatory markers, such as cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules, can be measured.
The fall in EBC pH as a marker of alveolar neutrophilic inflammation was an interesting finding.
Therefore, an additional column was necessary for butanol purification from the extractant butanol mixture obtained in EBC column (Fig. 4).
The optimized method was used for the intra-individual screening of cations in EBC of 10 healthy volunteers.
The fall in EBC pH in this study may reflect pulmonary inflammation given that there was no correlation found with this decrease and changes in systemic pH.
Principal component analysis suggests that the source of formate in EBC is distinct from most other measured ionic species.
It has been shown that pH measurements in EBC collected by ECoScreen are repeatable and reproducible [31].
Of the ionic components measured in EBC collected from asthmatic and healthy children and adolescents, formate displayed the most notable difference between asthma severity classifications.
Furthermore, we examined the possibility that individual ions or associations of ions detected in EBC could be used to predict asthma severity.
Despite its high volatility in the non-ionized state, formate is not highly correlated with other volatile organic acids commonly detected in EBC.
We have used ion chromatography to quantify the concentration of inorganic and low molecular weight organic ions in EBC [12], including both volatile and non-volatile species.
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