Silkworms in five different instars were fed in the animal chamber.
The modeled results showed that the main factors influencing grasshopper density differed for different instars.
Moreover, the diversity of white grub species as well as their life cycles in Rwandan habitats is largely unclear, leading to different instars of different grub species in the soil.
Alterations in emission profiles induced by feeding of different instars of a single herbivore have also been reported in previous studies [ 30, 67, 68], and may aid herbivore enemies in finding their favored prey or host stage.
To understand how this defense works, we studied the effects of NaTPI on M. sexta gut proteinase activity levels in different larval instars of caterpillars feeding freely on untransformed and transformed plants.
A total of 16 bacteria were isolated from larvae belonging to different instars.
Thirty to 45 days were needed to reach the complete infestation and obtaining different instars of P. citri.
Probable explanations include the use of different instars of larvae and assay times.
This prediction was based on previous studies showing that different instar stages in belostomatids differ in metabolic rates and foraging tactics (Biesmeijer and Tóth 1998; Cloarec 1990).
Open image in new window Fig. 1 The percentage mortality of different instar larvae of Agrotis segetum, following exposure to different concentrations of infective juveniles (IJs) of nematodes under laboratory conditions (Petri plate bioassay).
