In closing

USAGE SUMMARY

"In closing" is a correct and usable phrase in written English.
It is typically used in formal writing to end a speech, presentation, or written document. For example, "In closing, I would like to thank you all for being here today."

✓ Grammatically correct

News & Media

Academia

Science

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

60 human-written examples

This includes "in summary" or "in closing".

WikiHow

"In closing, thank you so much," James said.

The Washington Post

In Closing.

Science Magazine

In closing argument, it will get you a mistrial.

Huffington Post

"Same Old Jets," Ryan said in closing.

The New York Times - Sports

"Please write back," he wrote in closing.

The New York Times

"I plan to walk in closing".

The New York Times

The teams exchanged touchdowns in closing minutes.

The New York Times

One more note in closing here.

The Guardian - Sport

We believe in closing the gender gap in computer science.

Cornell University

Typical non-parties interested in closing opinions include rating agents.

Columbia University

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

When using "In closing" in written communication such as a formal email, consider replacing with an alternative such as "To conclude" to avoid repetition.

Common error

Avoid starting every paragraph or section with transitional phrases like "In closing". Use them sparingly to maintain reader engagement and prevent your writing from sounding formulaic.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "In closing" functions as a transitional phrase signaling the conclusion of a speech, presentation, or written work. It introduces the final remarks or summary, as evidenced by Ludwig's examples where it precedes a thank you or a final thought.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

News & Media

48%

Academia

20%

Science

15%

Less common in

Wiki

9%

Formal & Business

8%

Reference

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

The phrase "In closing" is a common and grammatically sound way to signal the end of a speech, presentation, or written document. As supported by Ludwig AI, it serves as a transitional phrase that prepares the audience for the final remarks. It's prevalent in various contexts, including news media, academia, and science. While effective, consider alternatives like "to conclude" or "in summary" to avoid repetition. Overusing such phrases can diminish engagement, so use them strategically. In conclusion, "In closing" is a versatile tool for marking the end of your discourse, but moderation ensures its impact.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

In conclusion

Very similar in meaning and formality.

To conclude

More formal and direct.

In summary

Emphasizes a brief recap of key points.

To summarize

Similar to "in summary" but can be used more broadly.

Finally

Signals the last point or step.

Lastly

Indicates the final item in a list.

To wrap up

Slightly more informal.

As a final point

Emphasizes that this is the last consideration.

Ultimately

Highlights the final outcome or result.

In essence

Focuses on the core or most important aspect.

FAQs

How can I use "In closing" in a sentence?

"In closing", I would like to thank everyone for their participation. It's typically used to signal the end of a speech, presentation, or written piece.

What are some alternatives to "In closing"?

You can use alternatives like "to conclude", "in summary", or "finally" depending on the context.

Is "In closing" formal or informal?

"In closing" is generally considered a formal phrase, suitable for professional settings, presentations, and formal writing.

What is the difference between "In closing" and "In conclusion"?

While both are used to signal the end, "In conclusion" is slightly more emphatic, whereas "In closing" is a more general way to indicate the end of a discussion or presentation. They are largely interchangeable.