Migrants of either kind represent a loss of labour to the sending country, but if migration is only temporary then this loss might be seen as an investment in that when migrants eventually return, they are likely to bring back improved skills, expertise and knowledge ("brain gain").
An evaluation of the UK Technology Strategy Board's collaborative research funding programme found that access to resources and expertise, improved skills and knowledge and improved attitudes to collaboration were more frequently identified as benefits of collaboration than direct applications and financial impact [15].
The absence of references to the expectations of monetary benefits may indicate that non-monetary gains (such as improved skills and expertise) are valued more in research-policy partnership.
A more resilient human with healthier and longer lasting parts is the reflection we look for in the well, a reflection too of improved medical knowledge, expertise, and technology: properly used antimicrobial drugs; preventive screening; and growth hormone and dura mater grafts from cadavers, the bold modern equivalent of magic and automata in statues.
Since 1988, patient survival and liver function after LTx have improved markedly, due to improved technical expertise, better selection of patients, improved post-LTx management of complications, and improved immunosuppressive therapy (Adam et al. 2003).
Results were not significant, but a tendency of improved scores with increasing expertise suggests that the assessment instrument could also be used in this setting.
The pilot study showed a tendency to improved scores with increasing expertise levels, suggesting that the instrument could also be used when pathologies were present.
These results fit well with functional brain imaging data demonstrating increased activity in occipitotemporal cortex as a function of improved object recognition and visual expertise.
This expertise results in improved patient outcomes and also builds local rehabilitation infrastructure capacity.
