Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigExact(7)
In short, there can be no actionable reliance, individually or collectively, on immaterial information.
Because immaterial information, by definition, does not affect market price, it cannot be relied upon indirectly by investors who, as the fraud-on-the-market theory presumes, rely on the market price's integrity.
Page has said the information he provided to the Russians in 2013 was innocuous, describing it as "basic immaterial information and publicly available research documents". He said he had assisted the prosecutors in their case against Evgeny Buryakov, who was convicted of espionage.
No doubt a clever mind could conjure up fantastic scenarios in which an individual investor might rely on immaterial information (think of the superstitious investor who sells her securities based on a CEO's statement that a black cat crossed the CEO's path that morning).
It's impossible to discern material from immaterial information.
As such, these reports contain large amounts of immaterial information, data that is not standardized, and data that is not audited or reliable.
Similar(53)
Now, while there is logic at work between relationships of owners or 'rights holders' and physical artworks, this logic dissolves when applied to media made for reproduction, like film; or immaterial goods, or information, or previously distinct media translated into a digital code which is endlessly replicable at marginal cost with no appreciable loss of quality.
They were intended to work on "immaterial" goods like information or money and had no direct impact on the physical world.
The idea of an immaterial mind receiving information from an abstract object seems just as mysterious and confused as the idea of a physical brain receiving information from an abstract object.
Information is immaterial.
But it seems unlikely that federal prosecutors would shy away from charging the April 12 transactions just because the information arguably immaterial, especially when the charge against Drew Peterson included his trading prior to receiving confirmation from his father about the Mariner acquisition.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com