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[Ca2+] i was quantified in nmol/L according to the following equation: (1) [ Ca 2 + ] i = K d · F − F min F max − F, where K d = 400 nmol/L at 37°C [ 19].
TUNEL-positive cells in livers (h) and serum ALT levels (i) were quantified.
The strength of the social tie from player k to player i is quantified by φ ki where 0 ≤ φ ki ≤ 1.
With this definition the frequency-specific causal influence of the time series from ROI j to ROI i is quantified in relation to all other information flow originating from ROI j.
The collected aliquots were measured for fluorescence (λex = 480 nm; λem = 525 nm) and RADA16-I was quantified by comparison to a standard curve.
Collagen type I was quantified via a sandwich ELISA using a monoclonal mouse anti-human capture antibody (USBiological) and polyclonal rabbit anti-human detection antibody (USBiological).
Therefore, CD8+ T cells were stimulated with α-MSH in a concentration of 10−9 molar for 48 h and 96 h and subsequently, the expression of MHC class I was quantified by flow cytometry.
Adhesion to collagen I was quantified by an MTS assay.
Angiotensin I was quantified by radioimmunoassay using a commercial kit (DiaSorin, cat# CA-1553).
Angiotensin I was quantified by direct radioimmunoassay using rabbit anti-angiotensin I antiserum and I-labelled angiotensin I produced according to the method of Waite [ 24].
The expression of NLRC5, IFNA, IFNB, IL-6, and MHC class I was quantified by qRT-PCR using QuantiTect SYBR Green RT-PCR (Qiagen, Waltham, MA).
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