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Since it is unlikely that horizontal transfer could occur simultaneously and independently to two distantly related taxa, those elements could hardly be transmitted recently to B. mori and genus Maculinea from an unknown species.
Although most patients in this outbreak were foreign-born and had histories of incarceration, genotyping results and epidemiologic findings suggest that TB was transmitted recently in the community rather than before immigration or during incarceration.
I transmit, I create.
And the virus is often transmitted by recently infected people who have yet to develop high enough antibody levels to be detected on standard tests.
SIVcpz appears to have been transmitted relatively recently to chimpanzee and human populations, so their hosts have not yet adapted to the virus.
At that time, the causative agent was believed to be vaccinia virus (VACV) that was most probably transmitted by recently vaccinated children to the elephants.
Our selection of the time interval allowed us to consider TB that was transmitted very recently and progressed to disease.
These findings are consistent with those from another recent study which showed that patients in China with drug-resistant TB who had previously received treatment were frequently infected with a clustered (i.e., recently transmitted) strain (23 ).
To identify isolates that were directly related in a transmission network (i.e., recently transmitted from one patient to the next), Guerra-Assunção et al. used a cut-off point of up to ten differences in single nucleotide polymorphisms between the genomes of the isolates.
These results suggest that the bias expected in these studies is so extreme that the findings are useful only as lower bounds for the proportion of recently transmitted cases and for risk factors for recent transmission.
Infection experiments demonstrated that unfed males acquired B. hermsii when parasitizing nymphs that had recently engorged on a spirochetemic mouse, and unfed infected males transmitted spirochetes to recently engorged nymphs.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com