Is a subsistence production logic or a cultural norm held by smallholders themselves making the shift to full-market production a difficult or unwanted transition?
Type I (1565 subsistence farms) and type II farms (1016 multifunctional farms) comprised 94% of the total farms under study.
In particular, Romania and Bulgaria contain significant land areas where pastoralism is a most important livelihood system, with degrees of subsistence (i.e. pastoral communities living directly on what they produce).
At the household level, a quantitative measure of financial protection is the proportion of households incurring OOP healthcare expenditure exceeding 40%% of their household's non-subsistence (i.e., non-food) expenditure [ 85] or 10%% of total household expenditure [ 86].
I carried that subsistence aesthetic into adulthood.
Unlike Ephron, I'm a subsistence cook at best: my specialty is a Turkish spinach-lentil soup from the cookbook "Sundays at Moosewood Restaurant" which I haven't actually prepared in three years.
I myself remember subsistence living in Vermont as a matter of constantly escalating clutter because of all the salvaged bits and pieces that had to be kept in case the truck/furnace/well pump needed repair.
I managed better financially on subsistence benefits than I had done for months on a nurse's wage with huge childcare bills and monthly outgoings.
I attempt to calculate the amount of hours I've wasted doing subsistence work, completely unrelated to my writing, but I backtrack and try to tell myself that you learn something from everything, be it a co-worker's inflection, a customer's routine, the capacity some people have to smile, always.
A human rights-specific commitment could include a provision that NSAGs who are in an ongoing conflict (or conflicts) agree that, should a situation of humanitarian crisis arise, they will fulfil certain obligations relating to subsistence rights (i.e. the minimum core).
