Exact(35)
Four groups of animals were investigated: (i) rats reared in an environment illuminated normally group 52 dL; (ii) rats reared in the dark until 21 days postnatum (DPN) and subsequently light exposed for 31 days group 21/31; (iii) rats dark reared until 52 DPN and then subsequently light exposed for 3 days group 3 dL; and (iv) rats totally dark reared until 52 DPN group 52 DPN.
Group I rats intraperitoneally (i.p).
In this study, group (I) rats were fed with standard food pellet and tap water which served as a normal control.
In experiment I, rats were fed with normal diet whereas in experiment II rats were given feed mixed with Amrita Bindu for 3 weeks (4 g/kg of feed).
As compared with the Gr I rats, the Gr II rats showed typical osteoporosis changes in increased of urinary Ca2+, PO43−, CRE, OH-P levels, serum/plasma Ca2+, PO43−, TRAP, IL1, IL6, TNFα and PTH level, bone Ca2+, PO43−, Mg2+, Zn2+ and decreased level of serum/plasma ALP, EST and PTH, bone Na+.
They follow a non informative distribution defined according to Winbugs [50] (e.g. volume I: rats, a normal hierarchical volume) as the inverse of a gamma distribution (0.001, 0.001) for σ2 and a squared standard distribution [0, 1] for σ2T.
Similar(25)
During the extinction phase RHA-I animals continuously reinforced during acquisition exhibited more resistance to extinction than their RLA-I counterparts, whereas only RLA-I rats partially reinforced during acquisition showed an increased resistance to extinction in comparison to continuously reinforced control RLA-I rats, this PREE being absent in RHA-I animals.
Finally, no consumption differences were observed between RHA-I and RLA-I rats exposed to brief daily access to 4% sucrose followed by access to 22% sucrose (cANC, Experiment 3).
The present experiment was designed with the goal of studying the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE) in female inbred Roman high- (RHA-I) and low-avoidance (RLA-I) rats.
Both RHA-I and RLA-I rats showed a significant suppression of drinking (cSNC) when they were exposed to 32% sucrose in preshift phase and 4% in postshift phase, in comparison to RHA-I and RLA-I control groups always exposed to 4% sucrose (Experiment 1).
Weight- and age-matched control rats (n = 9) and transgenic GLO-I rats (n = 8) were not injected.
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