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Childhood maltreatment was assessed in two ways: (i) prospective informant-reports from caregivers, researchers, and clinicians when children were aged 5, 7, 10 and 12; and (ii) retrospective self-reports of maltreatment experiences occurring up to age 12, obtained at age 18 using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.
The study design was categorized as: (i) prospective (including randomized clinical trials), (ii) case-control, (iii) cross-sectional, or (iv) meta-analysis.
We assessed study quality using the following criteria, based on the QUADAS criteria [ 20] for assessment of quality of diagnostic studies: (i) prospective enrolment of consecutive patients, (ii) comparison with an appropriate reference standard, (iii).
Three main methods of collecting falls data were found in the articles: (i) prospective reporting systems using calendars, postcards or diaries (n = 33, 80%); (ii) retrospective reporting systems using telephone interview or postal questionnaire (n = 30, 73%); (iii) medical records (n = 18, 44%).
Table 1 AAN classification of evidence for therapeutic intervention Class I: Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial with masked outcome assessment, in a representative population.
Study Design: This was a phase I/II prospective trial.
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