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Surface engineering was carried out on oxide ceramics (Al2O3 ZrO2, ZrO2) using two different laser-assisted processes: (i) modification of the edge layer of the ceramic by laser induced remelting and alloying and/or (ii) surface microtexturing by laser ablation.
Under ambient conditions, there are two possible ways of such influence: (i) modification of nanocrystal surface leading to the increase of luminescence intensity and (ii) photooxidation of nanocrystals resulting in degradation of the luminescence spectra.
Besides the well-known "A" to "I" modification, many other RNA editing events were also discovered such as "A" to "C" and "G" to "T" (Dataset S5), consistent with a widespread RNA editing discovered in previous human transcriptome studies [ 47- 49].
We also searched for i) modification of translation starts that could arise because of an insertion of a methionine residue at GTG and TTG translation initiation codons, and ii) protein maturation consisting in the processing of the initiator Methionine, as described previously [ 23].
With such sample, the transitional mechanism from form II to form I modification is further investigated by in situ WAXD combined with FTIR spectroscopy.
This increased intensity indicates increased collagen I modification around the invasive lesion [ 15].
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These are (i) modifications of interactions between existing proteins and (ii) the introduction of new nodes and links through gene duplications.
RNA editing by site-selective A-to-I modification also regulates protein function through recoding of genomically specified sequences.
In addition to these so-called 'recoding' editing events, many pre-mRNAs undergo A-to-I modification in untranslated exonic, and in non-coding intronic sequences.
In mammals, a growing number of genes have been identified that undergo a type of RNA editing characterized by site-selective A-to-I modification [ 2, 3, 8].
Because RNA editing can affect target recognition by the miRNAs, we surveyed adenosine to inosine (A-I) modification which is the main type of editing event described in the brain (Alon et al, 2012; Chiang et al, 2010).
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