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A better understanding of demand in two domains can be useful: (i) missing data for trends, for example the growth of weekend, night or seasonal trips and (ii) the analysis of external variables of the project (the impact of digital mobility for example).
Low-quality data filtering was carried out as follows: (i) missing data were allowed to a maximum frequency of 0.15, (ii) marker segregation distortion (departure from the expected 1 1 segregation ratio) was allowed up to a probability threshold of P =1E-04, corresponding to a segregation distortion not exceeding the 0.7 : 0.3 ratio.
(i) Missing data : If scale items for WAI were not complete then we prorated the scores as long as more than 80% of items had been completed.
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If π i depends on z i, the missing data mechanism is said to be MNAR.
Nevertheless, the reconstruction artifacts caused by (i) the missing data issue (this is the missing wedge/pyramid problem) and (ii) the discretization problem, can only be attenuated through more sampling, and in some extent by computationally intensive iterative reconstruction methods.
The complete data matrix can then be represented as the sum of the observed data and the unobserved data: (1) where ν i X i is the observed data and μ i X i is the unobserved, missing data.
(i) For, draw missing data from an importance density (13) obtained using the Euler approximation as (14) where (15),,,,.
After data cleaning (i.e., missing data, outliers), a total of 328 responses, representing around 10%% of the total invites, were used in our analysis.
Attrition (i.e., missing data) during the follow-up will be reported.
It is important to note that in this paper, we are focused on missing surveys rather than incomplete surveys (i.e. missing data elements within a survey).
These methods were chosen for their ability to incorporate uncertainty (i.e., missing data) and to take polymorphic states, which are extensive in our dataset, into account.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com