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Thus, SFKs are active upon (i) disruption of the inhibitory intramolecular interactions, (ii) autophosphorylation of YA and/or (iii) dephosphorylation of pYT.
Several models have been proposed to explain Wnt-mediated inhibition of β-catenin phosphorylation by GSK3: (i) Disruption of the destruction complex.
The data reveal two steps in which PBDK sphing may act: (i) disruption of N36 assembly, and (ii) subsequently the disruption of gp41 core formation.
This observation suggests that (i) disruption of Golgi network impedes Golgi polarization-dependent neuritogenesis, and (ii) Golgi complex integrity and polarized post-Golgi trafficking lie downstream of interphase centrosome clustering.
However, recent studies have indicated that two major factors are necessary for the induction of autologous GVHD: (i) disruption of thymic-dependent immune reconstitution and (ii) failure to re-establish peripheral self-tolerance.
Attenuation of the OGF-OGFr axis in cancer cells through: i) disruption of OGF-OGFr interfacing by continuous exposure to opioid antagonists (e.g., naltrexone, NTX) [ 14, 17, 19], ii) neutralization of OGF by antibodies to the peptide [ 14, 24], or iii) a decrease in OGFr by antisense cDNA or siRNA for OGFr [ 24, 25], stimulates cell proliferation.
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In contrast, other studies have demonstrated decreased trabecular bone volume in mice with IGF-I disruption.
Other possible factors include sub-lethal toxicity and impairment of soybean root physiology following accumulation of residual glyphosate and/or AMPA in root tissues [99, 100], and herbicide-induced disruption to rhizosphere-dwelling organisms associated with nutrient acquisition (see "Pathway I: disruptions to rhizosphere microbial ecology" section).
There are an increasing number of startups trying to bring more transparency — and, dare I say it, disruption — to various element of sea freight or the shipping industry.
The observed depletion of spermatogenic cells could be due to either i) the disruption of spermatogenesis, or ii) the loss of gonocytes, which are precursor cells of spermatogonia.
We proposed an alternative classification of IAI based on (i) anatomical disruption; (ii) severity of disease expression; and (iii) either community-acquired/early-onset healthcare-associated origin, or late-onset healthcare-associated origin and/or recent antimicrobial exposure.
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