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A farm household i chooses to participate in a dairy hub if it generates the perceived net benefit.
On the kinship network, node (household) i chooses to adopt the innovation with a probability p i.
The conditions assure a Pareto optimality for a quantity of each good, and they give a basis upon which goods resident i chooses to buy.
Therefore, the FA attack pattern can be denoted as x E i ′ = x E i ⋅ η 1, if x E i ≤ δ 1 and SU i chooses to attack p a 1 x E i, otherwise (6) This attack pattern will increase the false alarm probability and result in the underutilization of available spectrum or the exclusive usage of it by FA attackers.
Therefore, the individual i chooses to participate in planting trees at the household and community level when the variation of planting and not plant tree surpasses a certain threshold, null in this case, thus, yi = 1, if and only if yi* > 0; and yi = 0, if yi* ≤ 0.
where s j ∈ [0,1] is the fraction of the messages seen by peer i whose destinations are closest to neighbor j, w ij ∈ [0,1] is the share of those s j messages that peer i chooses to forward to neighbor j (instead of to neighbor j - 1), and d ∈ [0,1] models a distance penalty for forwarding messages to the 2nd-closest neighbor instead of to the closest one.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com