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Whereas some researchers suggest that the CNS controls the hand displacement vector, others suggest that it controls final hand position.
In contrast, proprioceptive sensation has been shown to be enhanced during self-generated movements, with fewer errors made regarding spatial hand position when hand displacement is self-generated compared with passive displacement10.
Using our new tools, we show that hand movements are controlled either in terms of the hand displacement vector or in terms of final hand position, depending on the way visual information relevant for movement production is specified.
It suggests that when the speed-accuracy trade-off is unexpectedly modified, terminal feedbacks based on intermediate representations of the endpoint velocity are used to monitor and control the hand displacement.
However, on the other hand, displacement variables, which describe the kinematics of the shell structures, are defined using Equivalent Single Layer (ESL), Zig-Zag (ZZ) and LW shell theories.
On the other hand, displacement waveforms of the 2016 SE offshore Mie earthquake illustrated delays and elongation of surface waves in the radial and vertical components.
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On the other hand, displacements and especially strangulating lesions might prove fatal without surgery [ 7- 9].
We also computed peak left-hand displacement, peak right-hand force, time to peak right-hand force, and the direction of right-hand movement at the time of peak right-hand force.
Paired one-tailed t tests revealed that, for all six combinations of object condition by arm configuration, the peak left-hand displacement in the last batch of ten trials in the training position was significantly smaller than in the first batch of trials (p < 0.05 in all six cases; Bonferroni correction).
As can be appreciated in Figure 3, peak left-hand displacement tended to increase slightly when the object was translated to the transfer position at the start of phase 1 but was generally smaller than at the beginning of phase 1.
To examine learning in the training position as well as transfer of learning in the transfer position, we computed, for each participant, the median peak displacement of the left hand in each successive batch of standard trials in phases 1 and 2. Figure 3 shows the mean left-hand displacement, averaged across participants, as a function of batch for each object condition and arm configuration.
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