Nonetheless, if the same sequence takes place a multitude of times in different circumstances and the sequence takes place four out of five times -- tax cut, fiscal sector boom, bubble, crash, bank failures and recession or depression -- it makes a very good case for causality.
However, our findings at least produce a fairly good indication of causality in compliance with Hill's criteria of causation [ 48] as well as meeting all the required conditions for mediation according to Baron and Kenny [ 41].
That's just basic causality.
Computers are not good at dealing with causality.
The apes seemed to grasp quantity as well as the kids did — they consistently chose the dish containing more treats, even when the choice involved using what might loosely be called math — and also seemed to have just as good a grasp of causality.
However, in order to articulate their model they have to rely on a quantification of the psyche, which undercuts precisely the premise, based on which psychophysical parallelism was considered a good alternative to psychophysical causality to begin with (Rickert 1900, 76; Rickert 1934b, 66 73).
In order to inform future efforts and establish better causality between good governance initiatives and health outcomes in this sector, careful examination and comparison of existing initiatives attempting to address this issue is essential.
Often and contrary to earlier enthusiasm (Reusch and Wood 2007), the way to a phenotype genotype map turned out to be much harder than initially envisaged (Mackay et al. 2009; Travisano and Shaw 2013), and good examples that demonstrate causality are confined to a handful of cases among the fishes (DiMichele and Powers 1982; Colosimo et al. 2005).
Finally, the association could be due to reverse causality, meaning that good health would lead to conservative viewpoints.
Whatever the direction of causality, there is good reason to consider the choice-disabled a possible reservoir of HIV infection.
