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BPEL is a powerful language but lacks a widely accepted formal semantics, and this makes it difficult to formally validate the correct execution of BPEL implementations.
To formally validate this notion, we used two strategies.
This is distinguished from certification flight testing, which is designed to formally validate system functionality and achieve flight readiness.
In this paper, we demonstrate that model checking technique is a powerful tool that can formally validate the accuracy of fault trees.
In this paper, we demonstrate an approach to formally validate the ORA-SS data models in order to enhance the correctness of semistructured data design.
Then, we address correctness issues (e.g., causality and synchronizability analyses) about GASPARD models via their corresponding synchronous descriptions in order to formally validate the original system descriptions.
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As none of the questionnaires from any of the previous studies had been formally validated, an initial validation pilot was conducted in accordance with current recommendations (Sudman and Bradburn, 1982; Oppenheim, 1992; Peterson, 2000; McColl et al, 2001).
Only the QHES instrument was formally validated in terms of construct validity [ 21].
Secondly, while the questionnaire used has obvious face validity, it has not been formally validated for our local population.
Although not formally validated it has both face and content validity with items derived from sources related to stigma and discrimination in people with mental illness.
Subsequently, the tailored questionnaire was judged on face validity by minority participants of the same background, but not further formally validated.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com