For each length the transmitted intensity was measured at λ = 1550 nm.
For each length, different baud rates were simulated, allowing different trade-offs between direct communication range and latency.
For each length from one to five, we collected all prefixes and suffixes appearing in at least five word types in the training data and initialized a random vector with two dimensions for it.
For each length, we tabulated the number of perfectly conserved sequences from the simulation and compared it to the observed number of segments in the actual alignments (Figure 2).
For each length of the clone length distribution, the weights of all sequences are summed up to receive the summarized weight wsum that is used to compute a sequence probability ps = ws/wsum.
For each length several k-mer sizes were tested and the length that gave the maximum N50 was identified.
For each length in base pairs, the percentage of the total number of mapped fragments is plotted.
For each length an appropriate guiding needle (16 gauge) is available for coaxial biopsies with lengths of 6.8 cm, 11.8 cm, and 16.8 cm, respectively (Fig. 3).
For each length, we used 5-, 5-, 4-, 3-, 3- and 2-bp mismatch options in both the genome and junction mapping steps.
For each length bin, we analysed the divergence using fragments identified using the same score cut-off for uniqueness in the human and chimpanzee genomes as was used in earlier analyses (Green et al, 2006; Noonan et al, 2006; Wall and Kim, 2007) as well as a more stringent cut-off.
For each length measure, the distribution of lengths across the two subsets were compared, under a null hypothesis of the distributions being the same, using the Mann-Whitney U test/Wilcoxon rank sum test [ 46], as implemented in the R [ 47] software.
