Before the advent of the Wii Fit, Power Plate or personal trainer, came decades of fitness fads and dancefloor crazes.
"I have had a few fitness coaches and I always expect too much and it didn't come," Kvitova says.
Her Sydney triumph showed the benefit of her fitness work and if she gets deep into the tournament, no one will want to see Kvitova on the other side of the net.
Quite apart from most players detesting such pitches, a handful of key England performers, including Steph Houghton, the influential captain, are still working their way back to match fitness following lengthy lay-offs and would have much preferred the rather more forgiving feel of grass beneath their feet.
"Kevin Pietersen is the most diligent and responsible of trainers and prides himself on his physical fitness and preparation for playing cricket.
While fitness trackers led the way, 2015 is the year of the smartwatch.
Yet football has been shown in studies to have the lowest rate of "perceived exertion" – a mere 3.9 out of 10 – lower than jogging and fitness training.
Her brand of high-impact aerobics, mixed with her extraordinary career reinventions – from Barbarella film star, to political campaigner, to exercise supremo – made Jane more than just a fitness freak; for the first time ever, exercise was glamorous.
Taking inspiration from 1980s and 90s "fitness fever", "retrocise" is the latest way to exercise.
Baltimore police spokespeople declined again to discuss any disciplinary action taken against Rice and how his fitness for work was assessed.
There is not one England player there who cannot be said to be in their prime, even if the fitness of some needs to be carefully managed.
