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Fermentation volume was either 2 L (for comprehensive volatile analysis) or 1 L. Fermentation progress was monitored by measurement of residual glucose and fructose using an enzymatic kit (GF2635, Randox, Crumlin, UK).
Washed corncob was fed to 16% (w/w) and enzyme was fed from 18 h to 24 h to maintain a concentration of 30 FPU/g substrate; the total fermentation volume was 3 L.
The solvent ratio from 824 Cb ald-Cl bdh) resulted in more than 80 wt% of catalysis products having a carbon chain length≥C11 which amounts to 9.8 g L−1 of products suitable as kerosene or diesel blendstock based on fermentation volume.
Likewise, inoculum volumes of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20%% (v/v) in proportion to the fermentation volume were used for bioflocculant production.
The inoculum consisted of a preculture of Y. lipolytica in YEPD medium, of which we added a volume corresponding to 10% of the total fermentation volume.
The purification processes started with 468 mL culture fluid from the bioreactor fermentation (volume activity 25 U mL-1) corresponding to a total of 11,700 Units.
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Advantages thereof are usually less effort for product purification, lower fermentation volumes and, thus, smaller bioreactors that are needed to produce a certain amount of product.
The advantages of the solid-state fermentation process over submerged fermentation include smaller fermenter volume, lower sterilization energy costs, easier aeration, reduced or eliminated costs for stirring and effluent treatment, higher product stability, lower catabolic repression, less favorable environment for many bacteria, and lower risk of contamination [ 12, 16, 19].
It was observed that the increase of fermentation medium volume led to biomass reduction (Fig. 2c).
Thus, enzyme production in batch fermentation (working volume 4 L) and processing of the enzyme solution (ηHandling 75%) resulted in a total of 5,100 FPU.
At the same time, due to its high glucose concentration, the dilution effect due to increasing fermentation broth volume during fed-batch cultivation can be minimized.
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