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HD composites, the only ones actually designed to be directly exposed to rainfall, exhibited almost negligible decreases in mechanical properties and hence a substantially satisfactory behavior.
Soil aggregates from reclaimed land used for cereal cultivation remain very vulnerable to the crusting when exposed to rainfall by tillage operations.
On the contrary, the outer part of the sequence preserves a significantly different palaeoenvironmental signal; in fact, the surface was exposed to rainfall and a complex pedogenetic evolution of the sequence occurred, encompassing the formation of an argillic laminar horizon at the topsoil, the evolution of a desert pavement, and the deposition of Mn-rich rock varnish on stones.
However, after deposition, ash will be exposed to rainfall and other environmental processes which may modify surface reactivity.
Outdoor bronzes are subjected to continual corrosion and dissolution processes, as well reported in literature [1 3]: associated with these processes are the coloured stains often observed on stone surfaces of outdoor monuments as the results of leaching from the attached bronze artefacts exposed to rainfall.
In our analysis, we do not consider any tephra previously exposed to rainfall, as the pre-analysis dissolution of soluble salts prevents comparison with pristine tephra (c.f. Hinkley et al. 1987).
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The method is to expose to rainfall small metal containers filled with sand which are weighed in the oven-dry condition before and after exposure to the rain, as described in Lal (1988b).
In the Mediterranean area, rainfed viticulture is exposed to irregular rainfall distribution.
Here, we focused on the pale green patinas of surfaces directly exposed to the rainfall leaching.
A loess loam soil with 39% sand and 45% silt was packed to flumes and exposed to simulated rainfall.
The results show that the variations in C and P leaching effects in fertilized soils exposed to natural rainfall events.
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