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"Plenary," or full, indulgences cancelled all the existing obligation, while "partial" indulgences remitted only a portion of it.
Moreover, in the case of transfers to the creditor in conformity with an obligation, the trustee must prove the preferential intent of the debtor and knowledge thereof by the creditor, whereas, in the case of payments made or security interests granted not in conformity with an existing obligation, the only defense is lack of preferential effect.
The challenged judgment, I think, should be affirmed upon the theory that, subsequent to the enabling amendment of June 25 , 1930 both parties recognized an existing obligation to observe the terms of the pledge agreement, and on this understanding maintained the relationship of debtor and creditor.
Greenspan's point: The legal services performed by the partners were an existing obligation not performed for salary, and you can't take money out of a partnership if it's insolvent.
Third, Kerry repeatedly committed to only return with an agreement that requires Iran to reveal its past nuclear weapons activities (Possible Military Dimensions PMD, in IAEA parlance) -- an existing obligation under the so-called "Additional Protocols" of the Non-Proliferation Treaty to which Iran is a signatory.
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These nations have the highest trade barriers and the most trouble meeting existing obligations.
The move will allow the new owners to assume responsibility for all existing obligations of the Heart, effective immediately.
But to fix this problem would take a lot of money -- money to pay off the system's existing obligations.
Raising our tax rates gives us incentives to work, since we have to earn more to meet our existing obligations.
Russia violated the 1999 deadline, saying it needed more time to complete the deliveries under existing obligations, thereby irritating the United States, which complained to Russian officials.
Instead, he persuaded Congress to authorize new bonds to replace existing obligations, while reducing the interest rate to 4 percent from 6 percent.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com