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It generally excels in tracking European elk and has also been used for hunting bears and lynx.
FOR decades, rangers in Yellowstone National Park, in the American West, had to cull the area's red deer (known locally as elk, though they bear no resemblance to European elk, known locally as moose) because the animals' numbers were grazing the place to death and thus threatening the livelihoods of other species.
His latest project is raising red deer, an animal more like a European elk, he said.
In Europe there are four known species: Cephenemyia trompe (Modeer) in reindeer Rangifer tarandus; Cephenemyia stimulator (Clark) in roe deer Capreolus capreolus; Cephenemyia auribarbis (Meigen) in red deer Cervus elaphus; and Cephenemyia ulrichii Brauer in moose or European elk Alces alces [ 1- 4].
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Compared with European red deer, elk have longer gestation periods (255 days, versus 235 days in the European red deer), and the bulls retain their antlers longer (about 185 days, versus 150 or less in European red deer).
Hunting and habitat-destruction by European settlers brought the elk to the edge of disappearing completely.
All Siberian roe deer, European roe deer (Leningrad oblast), Eurasian elk and red deer tissue samples were provided by local hunters; animals were not killed for the purpose of this study.
The archaeological record suggests that elk became very abundant after European diseases decimated Native American populations in the 16th century, thus greatly reducing human predation.
The introduction of deer to New Zealand began in the middle of the 19th century, and current populations are primarily European red deer, with only 15 percent being elk.
Dr. Kay argues that before Europeans came to Yellowstone, there were few elk in what is now the park.
For the record, elk, or, in Norwegian, elg, is what Europeans call the animal known in North America as moose ("moose" coming from the Algonquin word meaning twig-eater).
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