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For instance, at least one invasive species, the red-billed leiothrix of East Asia, appears to use its clamorous chatter to drown out the native European blackbird in Northern Italy.
Here, we provide the first experimental test of this hypothesis in the European blackbird (Turdus merula).
At the population level, we found that the urban and forest population of the European blackbird differed in song, anthropogenic noise levels and territory density.
The European blackbird (T. merula) used to live in forests and rural areas, but it has expanded its range into cities in large parts of Europe since the early nineteenth century (Luniak et al. 1990; Clement and Hathway 2000).
We conducted a case study on an urban and forest population of the European blackbird and show divergence at the population level (i.e. across habitats) in blackbird song, anthropogenic noise level and territory density.
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Parrots often walk along branches, and house sparrows hop when they come to the ground, while palm warblers walk on the ground and some songbirds, such as American robins and European blackbirds, may both walk and hop.
More than a century ago, some European Blackbirds gave up the commuting life.
Bioaccumulation of Cd and Pb in blood and feathers of European blackbirds Turdus merula (n = 138) was studied over a smelter-impacted area (Northern France).
Jesko Partecke, an ornithologist at the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Erling, Germany, knew that European blackbirds (Turdus merula) in Munich stayed put in winter while ones living nearby forests still migrated.
A new study reveals that when European blackbirds (Turdus merula) move from their native forest into the city, they migrate shorter distances than their country cousins a behavioral change that could eventually split the populations into separate species.
For this purpose, we compare songs, noise levels and territory density of European blackbirds from a city and a nearby forest in the Netherlands.
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