And in spoken English, the outcomes are no better.
Other strengths are that common chronic diseases were studied, all except arthritis being included in the English Quality Outcomes Framework (QOF) [ 50].
16 Reporting assessment of ≥1 written self-report standardised original English version outcome measure(s) focusing on PA; SRPAQs were used as they are practical for both cost and participant convenience, and feasible for use and analysis by clinicians.
Although each of the integrative approaches in Table 1 has value in advancing learning, as Vasquez et al. (2013) pointed out, a major concern is that of inequitable discipline representations in STEM research and learning outcomes (English, 2015; English and Kirshner, 2016; Hoachlander, 2014/2015; Honey et al., 2014; Marginson et al., 2013; Moore et al., 2014; Shaughnessy, 2013).
Inclusion criteria were as follows: an original study; reported in English; reported treatment outcomes in a population of adult, culture-confirmed MDRTB patients; reported outcomes presented in a format allowing for comparison with other studies.
The model is then used in conjunction with the questionnaire to infer levels of English language comprehension (outcomes) from raw questionnaire scores (indications) (Wilson 2013; Mari and Wilson 2014).
Insufficient command of English so that outcomes cannot be reasonably assessed in English.
This scale is a well validated, popular measure currently used to monitor mental well-being in the English public health outcomes framework and the Scottish Government's Mental Health Indicators data set.
We geocoded residential addresses of study participants and determined residential proximity to traffic using metrics that previous studies found associated with adverse health outcomes (English et al. 1999; Gauderman et al. 2005; Gunier et al. 2003).
Of these 552 studies, 195 were excluded either because they were not RCTs, not pertaining to atopic dermatitis studies, not in English, or no outcome measures were used (Figure 1).
