Stage III - back translation: two English native speaking certified translators translated T12 into English.
For the purpose of the study, the QL-I was translated into Spanish following a forward and backward translation procedure, carried out by an English native speaking linguist and a native Spanish-speaking English translator.
The research is based on the individual presentations of English native-speaking college students (n = 30).
Production was measured through both spontaneous and controlled tests, and judged by five trained English native-speaking listeners.
The synthesised forward translated version was then backward translated into English by three independent translators: a bilingual physician, a bilingual financial analyst, and an English native-speaking housewife living in the German part of Switzerland for more than ten years.
[ 48] Sharing expertise in the research methods and knowledge about English native-speaking and non-native-speaking authors' research culture might help editologists to design better studies and obtain results that can be applied to real-life writing, revising, peer review and editing.
This increase was expected given the large increases in publications volumes in non-English native speaking, high-volume publishing countries like China, India, South Korea, and Iran.
The official language is English but most natives speak the local dialect of Polynesian.
Then there was a back-translation into English made by two English native speakers who also spoke Danish fluently.
One argument against this might suggest that important research is (a) only published in the lingua franca of science, that is English; (b) is thus dominated by native English speaking countries, that is the United Kingdom and the United States; and (c) will inevitably be published in the higher impact journals.
