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All study designs considered if they were published in English, evaluated a cessation intervention delivered to pregnant women during pregnancy, and reported any relevant economic evaluation metric (eg, cost per quitter, incremental cost per quality adjusted life year).
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Of the 12 most recent randomised controlled trials published in English, evaluating the effect of salbutamol or albuterol on bronchiolitis, nine (75%) showed that bronchodilators had no effect.
Studies written in English evaluating the effect of LPD comparing with control diet among diabetic patients were identified using the search terms 'protein restriction' OR 'low protein diet' AND 'diabetes'diabetes
Two raters (a bilingual Japanese-English individual and a native English speaker) evaluated the concordance between the back-translated items and the originals.
All articles identified from data sources published in English were evaluated.
Articles in Portuguese and English that evaluated the cost-effectiveness of vaccination against HPV for preventing CC in Brazil using mathematical cost-effectiveness models were included.
Only articles written in English that evaluated the CSF lactate/lactic acid concentration for differential diagnosis distinguishing BM from AM were included.
The original English is evaluated here (UK and S.Africa) for the first time and the German is used here for the first time in Germany and Switzerland as well as Austria.
We found 17 reported randomised controlled trials published in English that evaluated the efficacy of misoprostol on cervical ripening in nonpregnant women published before 1 September 2006, after searching medical literature databases including Pubmed 9 and EMBASE Ovid. 10 The search terms used included 'misoprostol', 'cervical ripening/priming"hysteroscopy', and 'operative hysteroscopy'.
Participants fluent in English (Group 1) were given a copy of the adapted pamphlet in English to evaluate and compare with the original English pamphlet.
The integrated English learning evaluates the overall information relevant to English learning materials as well as the common features of the four language skills.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com