In order to resolve this ambiguity, one could employ either a model for the intra-signal structure (such as sparsity) or a model for the underlying structure of the scene (again, possibly sparsity).
Since there are too few clusters to employ either a linear mixed model or a generalised estimating equation (GEE) approach, all models will adjust for the clustering by using agency as a fixed effect.
To date, the large majority of studies examining epigenetic changes arising from fetal alcohol exposures have employed either chronic models of constant exposure or examinations of acute alterations in chromatin structure [ 5– 7, 10– 122 22– 30].
The codon density and the translation rate can be calculated by the analytical TASEP-based (or ODE) solution or TASEP-based simulations, while for the state density, one must employ either simulations or the PBN model.
In addition, NHP models can employ either a repeated low-dose virus challenge system or a single high-dose challenge system to meet the specific objectives of the experiment.
Both can be employed either in experimental models or in patients with MS, and they have already allowed to obtain imaging metrics that significantly correlate with clinical scores.
All five studies were modeling studies employing either Markov or semi- Markov models.
The pattern of the magnetic field/plasma convection can be, to some extent, recovered from the magnetic field measurements by employing either theoretical or numerical models.
We used a Stepping-Stone Sampling (SS) approach, implemented as Model_Selection 1.4.1 extension in BEAST2, to calculate marginal likelihoods of models employing either strict or relaxed molecular clock (see Supplementary Note S2 for details and Baele et al.111,112 for justification).
With a focus on tumor invasion studies, we here evaluate different in vitro collagen-based cell invasion models, employing either pepsinized or non-pepsinized collagen extracts, and compare their structure to connective tissue in vivo, including mouse dermis and mammary gland, chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), and human dermis.
The association was similar but nonsignificant based on models employing either multiple imputation of missing data or inverse probability weighting to adjust for loss to follow-up.
