Elementary objects of nervous system (EONS) are used to provide a framework for representing structural relationships and functional interactions among different levels of neural organization.
A workflow is presented with emphasis on data filtering, connectivity graph construction, as well as the recognition of elementary objects and their relations.
In order to get a representation of objects of higher order, of a Gestalt, a melody, for example, you have to have representations of the more elementary objects on which you build the complex representation.
The latter are obtained from elementary objects, called simplices, built from such simple polyhedra as points, line segments, triangles, tetrahedra, and their higher dimensional analogues, glued together along their faces.
Techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA) or nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) [6] have been introduced both to reduce the dimensionality and to explain the whole data by a few meaningful elementary objects.
The elementary objects of geometry – points, lines, triangles – are traditionally defined in three-dimensional space or on two-dimensional surfaces.
In the 1960s, Ehlers collaborated with Felix Pirani and Alfred Schild on a constructive-axiomatic approach to general relativity: a way of deriving the theory from a minimal set of elementary objects and a set of axioms specifying these objects' properties.
These systems are usually generated by some substitution rule of two elementary objects, e.g., two values of the dielectric constant or two different thicknesses (1D), or radii (2D).
Two types of molecules are distinguished: macromolecules [proteins, nucleic acids (NAs), etc.] and small molecules (metabolites, ions, etc).. Small molecules are treated as elementary objects, whereas macromolecules may be composed of several (functional) domains that may have one or more known interaction sites (Fig. 1).
The baryons and mesons are complex subatomic particles built from more-elementary objects, the quarks.
It is now believed that these so-called elementary particles are made of still more-elementary objects, which have been given the name of quarks.
