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This issue is challenged by the methodological concern of observational sessions by a direct observer.
The goal is to assign numbers to perceptual events, the benefit of which is that it allows for direct observer response to changes, although restricted to only a number of categories [23].
In addition to sampling from two geographic areas of different composite SES (below), we included direct observer ratings of neighborhoods.
However, for a direct observer, the variation in turbidity induced by clot formation and lysis in hyperlipemic condition was very difficult to detect for triglycerides above 300 mg/dl Fig 4. Until 800 mg/dl of triglycerides, the semi-automatic system has always achieved an appropriate analysis of the curve.
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Furthermore, disagreements on the mechanisms are not only found between the reports of direct observers but also in the analyses of scholars.
This study investigated if video-based assessment was a reliable tool for cystoscopy and if direct observers were prone to bias compared with video-raters.
However, this has long been a challenging endeavour, as insurgency imposes specific limitations on the data that could speak to these interactions: quantitative data is limited by the difficulties of systematic collection in war, while qualitative data may include vague or conflicting insights from direct observers.
In contrast to other studies, there were no direct observers.
Nurses are on the frontline of patient care and are direct observers of pain behaviors and therapeutic responses; nurses are therefore key stakeholders in promoting safe comfortable care.
The use of video observation with discreet webcams over days to weeks was intended to help reduce or eliminate Hawthorne effects in this study, compared to direct observation with an observer present in the room, which would be considerably more intrusive and serve as a constant reminder of the ongoing study.
Video documentation and/or direct observation by two observers improves this measurement.
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