Consequently, most agencies are frequently called on to overstep the line and actually make policy, not least by developing doctrines and instruments with which to put into practice often vague primary legislation.
As always with cases of spying and espionage, nothing is ever certain.Dig deeper: Sophisticated viruses will be the workhorses of 21st century spying (Nov 2014) How malicious computer code is making the spooks' jobs easier (Nov 2014) America is leading the way in developing doctrines for cyber-warfare (Dec 2012).
Because, it lays out clear lines of responsibility for creating guidelines for system development, testing and evaluation, equipment/weapons training, as well as developing doctrine, tactics, techniques and procedures.
The salutary result of the developing doctrine should be sounder decision-making and less litigation, as the last word on the merits of a transaction devolves from courts and lawyers to markets and investors.
One may object that transnational terrorists sometimes emigrate from their homelands, developing doctrine, training, and establishing support networks in states that are neither their home nor their target.
The brigade was also responsible for developing doctrine and specialised armoured vehicles for armoured warfare in tropical terrain.
Delaware Courts have faced these types of claims many times and have developed doctrines to deal with them the fiduciary duty of care and the business judgment rule.
"As long as we continue to think in twentieth century, nation state terms," he writes, "we will not be able to develop doctrines and capabilities" appropriate for new threats.
Numerous philosophers during the seventeenth century, including Hooke and Huygens, developed doctrines concerning the fundamental physical nature of light in answer to the question: is light a stream of particles (or "corpuscles"), or is it a wave?
Berkeley's first important published work, An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision (1709), was an influential contribution to the psychology of vision and also developed doctrines relevant to his idealist project.
Peter Singer, an author and analyst with the New America Foundation, said the U.S. military is in a position where it must develop doctrine for new kinds of operations, including cyber and space warfare.
