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Since the semantic concept of validity involves the notion of possibility, one can also derive validity liars such as Pseudo-Scotus' paradox: 'Squares are squares, therefore, this argument is invalid' (Read 1979).
As to conquest, the Court noted: "War is a suit prosecuted by the sword; and where the question to be decided is one of original claim to territory, grants of soil made flagrante bello by the party that fails, can only derive validity from treaty stipulations.
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For this study, we defined validity following modern conceptualizations in which validity is a unitary concept with construct validity as a core, deriving validity evidence from several sources such as assessments of content validity, the response process, the internal structure of the instrument, its relationships to other variables and its consequences [ 22, 24].
Nor is it necessarily true that all the legally valid norms of a given system derive their validity from the same basic norm (Raz 1979, 127 129).
Two norms can derive their validity from the same basic norm, but fail to belong to the same system as, for example, in case of an orderly secession whereby a new legal system is created by the legal authorization of another.
Davison maintains that school-based assessment derives its validity from building into its actual design the capacity for triangulation and the collection of multiple sources and types of evidence under naturalistic conditions over a lengthy period of time.
Hill said that because the Constitution was enacted as part of a statute of the British Imperial Parliament it derived its validity from British law.
The directional voltage response of the vibrator to an external force is derived, and the validity of the derived response is verified through fabrication of a piezoelectric single crystal vibrator and by comparison of its measured characteristics with the analysis results.
A contemporary school of thought, called inclusive legal positivism, endorses the Social Thesis, namely, that the basic conditions of legal validity derive from social facts, such as social rules or conventions which happen to prevail in a given community.
Legal rules are posited by recognized institutions and their validity derives from their enacted source.
Clifford's Rule derives its moral validity, one might contend, from that intellectual goal.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com