Three field trials with maize and one with wheat were performed in the 2012/2013 (maize, summer crop) and 2013 (wheat, winter crop) cropping seasons.
Planting/sowing of crops, crop geometry, fertilizer application, harvesting, etc., are given in Table 1.
Goats were herded to graze crops, crop residues and native vegetation in communal land and roadsides.
In many developing and developed countries, livestock feed is a mixture of crops, crop residues, and industrial products (Chapagain and Hoekstra 2003).
These practices include Dib/Weber, traditional ditches (Boyi), Traditional waterways (Gorf Mekided), Mixed Cropping, crop rotation, manure, chemical fertilizer, tree planting, check dam, and stone bund.
Table 1 summarises potential impacts associated with sourcing and processing/conversion of the three most-discussed feedstocks: perennial crops, crop residues and forestry (woody, fibrous) residues.
As such, investigations into less-studied crops (hereafter referred to as "underutilized crops") have the potential to reveal crops, crop varieties, and unique alleles that could be applied in future agriculture and crop breeding (Varshney et al., 2010).
Diversifying crops, crop rotation and reducing clear-cutting make ecosystems much more resistant to damage when something bad happens.
