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The model allows us to determine that the level of health care marginal cost constitutes a key factor in vertical integration welfare consequences for health insurance markets.
For employment adjustment, upward adjustment cost is about 5.9% of revenue, whereas the downward adjustment cost constitutes about 8.2% of revenue.
In ground source heat pump (GSHP) applications, borehole drilling cost constitutes an important part of the investment cost and it can be reduced by improving borehole performance.
As bunker fuel cost constitutes a major portion of the shipping liners' operating cost, it is imperative for them to minimize the bunkering cost to remain competitive.
This aspect, unveiled here for the first time, might become significant if technologies with different cost structure are of interest, i.e., in case the storage cost constitutes a comparatively large part of the total investment.
For the model with both the average-wage and employment adjustment, the average-wage adjustment cost is about 1.0% of revenue, and the upward average-wage adjustment cost constitutes about 0.6% of revenue, while the downward average-wage adjustment cost makes up about 1.6% of revenue.
Similar(46)
The various costs of the process namely-initial capital cost, feed pumping cost, vacuum and condensation cost and membrane replacement cost constitute the objective functions.
(Table 10, shows that addition and replacement cost, operation cost, and residual cost constitute the input critical parameters of the LCC whereas the maintenance cost has much smaller effect on LCC).
Direct non-medical cost constituted 49% of total direct cost.
In ambulatory care, indirect costs were the major component of a dengue episode cost, constituting 62% and 71% of the total cost in child and adult dengue cases, respectively.
Sum of investment and operating costs constitutes the objective function of the present study.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com