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In the 1980s, there was alarm over whether babies born to cocaine-addicted mothers would suffer developmental problems or other damaging effects, but studies later showed that such problems were far from certain and much more likely if the child had to contend with economic hardship, family instability, poor education and other factors.
The organization is now increasing investment in disaster risk reduction programmes, which promote safer and more resilient communities that are better able to contend with future hardships.
Studies of families living in Belfast who were forced to contend with the sustained hardships associated with the long-term civil unrest in Northern Ireland found that children from families who held strong beliefs regarding the value and importance of the struggle had better long-term outcomes than those from families who were less ideologically committed (Shaw 2003).
The 60-year old grandmother and self-professed hippie would contend with a variety of hardships — financial, physical, and psychological.
With hardship comes ease".
Most of us associate immigration with hardship.
Most met with hardship and hostility, some with hurricanes.
Each deals with hardship in their own way.
But the journey has been fraught with hardship and loneliness.
Vinik's "break" won't be filled with hardship.
In the meantime, when we think of these incidents — and even try to write them off as decades-old and therefore irrelevant, as some Moore supporters have said — it is essential to contend with the evidence that for some victims, they contribute to lifelong hardship and struggle.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com