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People may have competence in a language and yet know nothing about its written form.
The Ph.D. candidate is required to demonstrate competence in a language and/or skill that is likely to be relevant to the dissertation research.
In certain circumstances (for example, if one of the languages is the student's native language) the DGS may waive the requirement that competence in a language be demonstrated by coursework.
To many English speakers it seems ludicrous that the criterion of competence in a language should be strict adherence to grammar-book rules rather than nativelike performance, but in Romance countries a foreigner is often frowned upon if he permits himself the "negligence" of native usage, rather than the more stilted correct expression.
†Students whose competence in a language exceeds the most advanced level offered by the department may substitute literature/culture courses for language courses.
These social rules for which ways of using language are considered appropriate in certain situations and how utterances are to be understood in relation to their context vary between communities, and learning them is a large part of acquiring communicative competence in a language.
Similar(54)
Differences in needs of engineers depending on types of organizations can first of all be seen in the various levels of engineer's communicative competence in a foreign language required for the purpose of speech activity in a foreign language in organizations of different types.
Collateral Language RequirementAll Archaeology majors must demonstrate competence in a foreign language beyond the first-year level.
Models of communicative competence in a second language invoked in defining the construct of widely used tests of communicative language ability have drawn largely on the work of language specialists.
Competence in a foreign language beyond the first-year level.
This requires from the engineers professional communicative competence in a foreign language of various content.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com