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Commuting efficiency measures the impact of commuting on urban spatial and social environments.
Thus, commuting efficiency must be studied at the individual or disaggregated levels.
Urban policies aim to reduce commuting distances and improve commuting efficiency by supporting mixed land-use and job-housing balance.
The findings suggest that there are significant differences in commuting distance and commuting efficiency between morning and evening peaks based on the nature of commutes.
Considering the spatiotemporal factors for commuting efficiency evaluation, the timetable-dependent passenger carrying capacity of the transit station and the time-varying passenger demand at originating sites have been formulated into the BTA model.
This paper examined individual commuting efficiency in suburban Beijing using a GPS-facilitated activity-travel survey and investigated the differences in commuting distance and route choice efficiency between morning and evening peaks.
Similar(49)
It is believed to be a useful tool to enhance the resilience of mega-region by improving the efficiency of inter-city commuting.
A paper by Ecometrica also suggests insetting could extend to commuting or home insulation for employees, joint investment in energy efficiency projects with suppliers, or joint recycling schemes between companies within a neighbourhood or office complex.
This article attempts to fill this gap by examining four commuting benchmarks (minimum commute, maximum commute, random commute, and proportionally matched commute) and five excess commuting indices (excess commute, commuting potential utilized, commuting economy, normalized commuting economy, and effort).
In terms of time efficiency, the U.S. Department of Transportation estimates that people spend on average 52 minutes each working day commuting.
■ Commuting costs.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com