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The terms civil office and civil officer are used only once each in the Constitution and civil office is never defined therein.
Critical review of the clause begins with a study of the terms in the plain language of the clause: "No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time...."....
No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States which shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time; and no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office.
You go to a civil office and sign a piece of paper.
Holders of civil office also had priestly titles, and priests had civil titles.
To this day, many of those holding high civil office are prominent figures in the church.
Similar(37)
A gigantic political, military, and religious bureaucracy was built up, with governors, tax collectors, courts of justice, military garrisons, mail and messenger services, and other civil offices.
At the end of each year, the 158 civil offices around the country responsible for registering people send copies of their books to a central office in the capital called the Junta Central Electoral.
Constantine, for example, complained quite in vain and the complaint was endlessly repeated by his successors that the city senates were being "emptied of persons obligated to them by birth, who yet are asking for a government post by petition to the emperor, running off to the legions or various civil offices".
Had he read the clause, he would have discovered that it did not extend to military offices, and that the restriction extends to civil offices only.
No case can exist, with respect to civil offices, that would occasion a loss to the public, if the members of both houses were precluded from holding any office during the time for which they were elected.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com