Yet by launching armed aggression, first against Afghanistan and then against Iraq, America wholly squandered this gain.
The explicit "obligation" to react "by all means" in case of armed aggression against a member-state, goes beyond NATO's mutual assistance clause since, non-armed attacks shall also be covered.
There was no lack of expertise in armed aggression.
Both were fought in response to armed aggression across international borders.
Under the Lisbon Treaty, if a member country "is the victim of armed aggression on its territory" other members are obliged to provide "aid and assistance by all the means in their power".
Congo filed cases against Uganda, Burundi and Rwanda last year, accusing them of armed aggression and "massive violations of human rights".
He is arguing instead for the idea of more defence co-operation in the European Union, whose Lisbon treaty includes a commitment that, if any member comes under "armed aggression", EU members "shall have towards it an obligation of aid and assistance by all the means in their power".
On November 16, Hollande requested, and EU member states unanimously invoked, the EU Lisbon Treaty's little-known Clause 42.7, which states: "If a member state is the victim of armed aggression on its territory, the other member states shall have towards it an obligation of aid and assistance by all the means in their power".
Younger age groups were also more likely to be witnesses and victims of armed aggression.
It invoked EU Treaty Article 42 (7), which says that "if a Member State is the victim of armed aggression on its territory, the other Member States shall have towards it an obligation of aid and assistance by all means".
Gaddafi said his country had already been unfairly subjected to US and international sanctions, and in 1986 to "a direct military armed aggression" ordered by Ronald Reagan, who called the leader the "Mad Dog of the Middle East".
