The second polling anxiety ahead of 2015 affected telephone polls, where such biases were not previously thought to be such a problem because randomly selected respondents don't have to do anything more than pick up a call.
The authors suggest that a similar strategy could be used to reduce other kinds of unwanted social biases and stigmas or even help bad habits such as smoking or eating unhealthily.
Instead of correcting or avoiding the influences of such biases, our study aims to reduce these implicit biases at the first place".
"Ultimately recognising and challenging gender biases in the workplace will have dramatic and positive implications for businesses.
Russians are beginning to express old biases in everyday life, he said.
And she is certainly not saying, in Hard Choices or in the rounds of interviews and appearances surrounding its release, how she would overcome biases on women seeking power when and if she decides to run in 2016.
The study, published in Science, began with two Pavlovian-style conditioning exercises designed to counter race and gender biases.
As long as they are practised, electoral systems should be as fair and representative as possible, avoiding biases that distort the principle of proportionality.
The case has raised concerns about whether cultural biases may have influenced the investigation.
Deep-rooted biases against certain populations and the neighbourhoods where they live, rather than their legal status, explains the way they are being treated by the authorities.
Other research has revealed that these biases can have consequences – when playing a video game with instructions to shoot only people carrying weapons, players are more likely to shoot unarmed black targets.
