To facilitate injury control research and practice in this underserved population, Sapra et al. (2014) provide a comprehensive review of the epidemiologic literature on interpersonal violence in AI/AN by benchmarking the prevalence of child abuse, violence against women, and elder abuse, identifying the risk factors, and outlining the research gaps.
We chose to compare models with two fixed benchmarks, disease prevalence and effect size of an individual risk allele, taken at the average number of risk alleles (that is, τ).
Although the benchmark study detailed prevalences across all taxa (1 ), subsequent studies have focused exclusively on waterbirds (2 ) with few exceptions (3, 4 ).
We chose two parameters that are directly measurable in real populations for benchmarking models: disease prevalence and the effect size of a single risk allele.
We chose two parameters that are directly measurable in real populations for benchmarking models: disease prevalence (that is, K) and the effect size of a single risk allele (that is, τ).
For this reason it has been suggested that academic institutions benchmark the nature and prevalence of bullying behaviours, while providing education and guidelines designed to reinstate the more collegial culture that academia may have lost.
This relation provides a potential tool for practices to benchmark their individual AF prevalence value in relation to their practice age profile.
We have previously reported a benchmark overall pre-vaccination prevalence of oncogenic HPV infection in high grade cervical lesions in New Zealand.
In these practices, the informants described how the access to the feedbacks' population overviews and the benchmark data on average prevalence of diagnosis had made them more aware of diagnostic coding and had led them to increase diagnostic coding of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Different starting positions and benchmarks may affect the prevalence of GJH, influencing the validity of inter-study comparisons, and making the test of the predictive validity of BT in a cohort of children more difficult.
