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At TBT levels > 2 ng/L, further proliferation of sperm duct tissue occurs, which invades the anterior oviduct, blocking the vulva and preventing the release of egg capsules from the capsule gland (Gibbs and Bryan 1986; Matthieson and Gibbs 1998).
The incidences of such malformations increase to an average of > 30% in males and > 50% in females at TBT tissue concentrations > 500 μg as Sn/kg.
At water TBT concentrations of < 1 ng Sn/L, the female exhibits the initial stages of penis and sperm duct development, and these organs are fully formed at TBT levels around 1 2 ng Sn/L.
Exposure to TBT H significantly increased Nile red fluorescence in females within (F2,54 = 55.9, p < 0.05) and across (F2,54 = 22.7, p < 0.05) food levels at TBT H, such effects being more pronounced at high food levels.
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There was a higher concentration of gypsum in solid phase at Site TBT than at Site 6, suggesting that part of the gypsum formed at Site 6 in the early stage of AMD has been already dissolved.
Both plants incorporate a nanofiltration unit for the partial removal of bivalent scale forming ions from the makeup stream to enable operation at elevated TBT.
The number of cells in the ovarian WAT depot was decreased in F1 and F3 animals but was increased in the perirenal and interscapular depots of F1, F2, and F3 animals (although not at all TBT doses) (see Supplemental Material, Figure S2C).
The actress posted a vintage snapshot of herself on Twitter Thursday (Feb. 13), writing, "Me at age 7 :)." Me at age 7. :) #TBT pic.twitter.com/q0d0QYpTV4.
In females of B. brandaris, 2 months exposure to TBT at 50 ng TBT L−1 induced a significant elevation of free testosterone and a decrease in the esterified fraction.
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of waterborne TBT at environmental levels (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 ng L−1 as Sn) on craniofacial cartilage development in embryos of the rockfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus).
Estuarine meiofauna were exposed to two types of treatments (mixture and deposit), containing uncontaminated sediment and sediment spiked with paint-derived TBT at 1 and 10 mg kg−1 for a duration of 4 and 8 weeks.
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