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The paper investigates the response of steel concrete composite beams at serviceability limit state.
In addition, the maximum shear force is limited at serviceability limit states in order to avoid significant inelastic behaviour.
The design method is based on plastic analysis of beam section at ultimate loads and elastic analysis at serviceability loads.
Code formulations and other prediction models are examined and compared with experimental results at serviceability and ultimate limit states.
Reinforced concrete members are typically designed based on strength at ultimate limit state and subsequently checked for deflection and crack control at serviceability limit state.
The extended analytical features facilitating research on the STM to exhibit good performance at serviceability and ultimate load levels are also described.
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It is found that the effective width at the ultimate strength is larger than that at the serviceability stage and simplified design formulae are correspondingly suggested for the ultimate strength design.
This lack of guidance arises primarily due to the highly empirical nature of the design standards in predicting behaviour at all load levels i.e. empirical equations are used at the serviceability limit to predict for flexural rigidities and crack widths as well as at the ultimate limit to predict hinge rotation and moment redistribution.
It was found that the RU beams showed superior performance in both load capacity and ductility at the ultimate limit state; while the crack width and deflection at the serviceability limit state of RU beams were much smaller than those of RC beams.
The behavior at the serviceability stage was significantly improved by the prestressed Fe-SMA bars.
The paper presents a methodology for the probabilistic assessment of masonry arches at the serviceability and Ultimate Limit States.
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