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As validated previously [34], we assessed the effects of loading by comparing the architecture of the tibiae on one side, which received no artificial loading, with that on the contra-lateral side which was subjected to a regimen of non-invasive, dynamic axial loading sufficient to engender an osteogenic response.
The total WOMAC score will also be used to categorise OA severity, as validated previously.
Experiments involving target drug complex formation, data collection, and data processing were done using the standard operating protocol as validated previously for the determination of atomic resolution ligand kinase crystal structures.
Following this, we used the Cufflinks [ 41] program (http://cufflinks.cbcb.umd.edu), which provides relative abundance values by calculating Fragments Per Kilobase of exon per Million fragments mapped (FPKM) as validated previously [ 2].
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Histological evaluation was performed as described and validated previously [ 22].
Real-time PCR and western immunoblot assays were conducted, as described and validated previously in our laboratory [ 3– 5].
Before the 24 h pH-impedance study, each patient completed a functional dyspepsia questionnaire as reported and validated previously.
The resulting labeled cDNAs were immediately used for hybridization on an array covering about 10,000 nonredundant genes, as described and validated previously [ 10, 11].
The cryoloop and cooling system used in this study were as reported and validated previously (Lomber et al., 1999; Orton et al., 2012).
Ascites supernatant that exhibited >90% inhibition of transduction was considered to be neutralizing, as described and validated previously for serum neutralization assays.
A β42, T-tau, and P-tau were measured using the multiplex xMAP Luminex platform (Luminex Corp., Austin, TX) with Innogenetics (INNOBIA AlzBio3; Ghent, Belgium; for research-use only reagents) immunoassay kit-based reagent as described and validated previously.
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