Australia's agencies are understood to be investigating whether China, among other state actors, was behind the attempt.
Getting caught is a deterrent that state actors take seriously.
Through the progressive rounds of transition, enhanced commitment, clear joint leadership and greater role clarity developed among state level actors in most cases.
Rational state actors pursue their national interests.
Lemos and Agrawal (2006) group actors into three main domains: national and subnational governments (state actors' domain), private sector (market actors' domain), and communities (social actors' domain).
The key features of non-state ascendance in war are: 1-ineffectiveness of the nation state order in deploying and using military force, 2-more powerful energy and battle focus among non-state actors than nation states, 3-selective technology equalizations that, combined with tactical creativity, make non-state fighters our equal on the battlefield.
This has led to a situation of temporary substitution, with faith-based humanitarian NGOs among other non-state actors acting as surrogates/subsidiaries to fill the service gap in refugee education until the state develops the capacity to deal with the issue by itself.
Foremost among these limitations is the time-honored principle that the 14th Amendment, by its very terms, prohibits only state action.... Section 13981... is directed not at any state or state actor, but at individuals.
"It could be a state actor, a non-state actor".
By focusing on the Americas, the only continent that borders both Polar Regions, the author shows how geographic proximity inspires interaction and cooperation among state and non-state actors in very different ways.
In his paper, Berkes (2002) recommended that strong and effective cross-scale linkages among state and non-state actors is critical in building consensus when interests and values of environmental resources vary among actors.
