Polarized Raman spectra demonstrate that the PTFE polymer chains exhibit substantial alignment along the fiber axis.
During the drawing operation the polymer chains slide over one another as they are pulled into alignment along the longitudinal axis of the fibre.
Application of cyclic mechanical stretch improved contractile function, cardiomyocyte alignment along the stretch axis and gene expression of cardiomyocyte markers.
Orientation is completed by stretching, or drawing, the filament, a process that pulls the long polymer chains into alignment along the longitudinal axis of the fibre and causes them to pack closely together and develop cohesion.
Polycarbonate fibers based single wall and multi-wall nanotubes (SWNT and MWNT) were prepared by first dispersing the nanotubes via solvent blending and/or melt extrusion followed by melt spinning the composites to facilitate nanotube alignment along the fiber axis.
However, the beams cast in layers with higher chute speed (0.50 m/s (20 in/s)) formed strong thin layers and desired fiber alignment along the beam axis, thus achieving increased flexural strength (Wille and Parra-Montesinos 2012).
The randomly oriented crossed fringe patterns with d = 0.320 nm on the edge of the nanorod can be assigned to the (112) planes of the tetragonal CuInS2; they did not have preferential alignment along the rod axis, and the diameter of the single-crystalline QDs was about 5 to 10 nm.
After full polymerization of microtubules, non-radial orientation of microtubules was seen, with a preferential alignment along the long axis of the cytoplasm of the heterokaryon, as in regular myotubes (Fig. 5D).
Furthermore, when the treated BM-MSC-seeded scaffolds were implanted into surgically created tendon defects in vivo, robust formation of tendon-like tissue was observed after 21 days as evidenced by increased cell number, elongation and alignment along the tensile axis, greater matrix deposition and the elevated expression of tendon markers.
7 Fibroblast and collagen fibers presented alignment along the stretching axis upon axial stimulation, compared to free-floating lattices.
