But after the court held that is no substitute because of the vagaries of state laws, Congress twice affirmed the right to sue officials for redress in federal court.
In Maine, a federal ruling a few years ago said a constitutional provision, twice affirmed by referendum, was discriminatory because it barred voting by people under guardianship for mental illness.
The measure — which the City Council passed in October and Mr. Bloomberg signed on Nov. 3 — revised a two-term limit that was twice affirmed by referendums in the 1990s.
Chatting in his conservatory, surrounded by books, including Johann Hari's investigation of failed drug prevention policies, Chasing the Scream, he says he beat five others in an "open competition" to get the gig, and his appointment was twice "affirmed" in interviews with the Financial Services Authority (FSA).
In a 64-page opinion, Judge Sifton rejected the claim that the mayor and the Council, in replacing the two-term limit with a three-term maximum, infringed on the rights of voters who had twice affirmed the two-term limit.
The suit charges that the mayor and the City Council seized upon the economic downturn as an excuse to undo the term limits law that had been affirmed by voters twice through referendum, in 1993 and 1996, and that it did so with imprudent speed.
Peroutka, the 2004 presidential candidate of the Constitution Party, twice affirmed that his pro-secession remarks at the League's 2012 national conference in Alabama were "not a mistake".
In fact, one of the supposed reasons he overturned the term limits law, twice affirmed by city voters, was that he alone had the financial know-how to manage the city through tough economic times.
Peroutka, the 2004 presidential candidate of the Constitution Party, twice affirmed that his pro-secession remarks at the League's 2012 national conference in Alabama were "not a mistake". In that keynote address, he had spoken favorably of secession.
As of this week, Trump had completed one promise: the travel ban, ordered days into his presidency, which was affirmed by the supreme court after being amended twice.
